Sustainable cities and communities

Public access to buildings, Provide public access to buildings and/or monuments or natural heritage landscapes of cultural significance

Ancient and always popular Samarkand cannot be described in words. In order to get a complete picture of the great city, it is necessary to visit this place. This ancient city is recognized as one of the 50 must-see cities in the world.

During the visit of our President Shavkat Mirziyoev to Samarkand region in April of last year, the aim was to create favorable conditions for wide acquaintance of tourists with unique historical, cultural and architectural heritage objects, to revive pilgrimage tourism, and in general to further develop the tourism potential of the ancient land and a number of instructions were given. Based on this, certain works are being carried out at the moment. In particular, specific measures have been determined for the implementation of pilgrimage tourism in Samarkand region.

The existence of 1105 archeological, 670 architectural, 37 places of interest, 18 monumental, 21 memorial and 1851 material and cultural heritage buildings belonging to the category of memorial in the territory shows how high the possibilities are in this regard. Amir Temur's mausoleum, Registan ensemble (Sherdor, Tillakori, Mirzo Ulugbek madrasas), Bibikhanim and Hazrati Khizr mosques, Shahi Zinda monument, Khoja Daniyor shrine, Mirzo Ulugbek observatory, Nadir Devonbegi complex in Samarkand district, Khoja Ahror Wali mosque, Ghavsul Azam, Khoja Aman, Chor Chinor shrines in Urgut district, Imam Al Bukhari complex in Payariq district, Hazrati Davud shrines in Nurabad district are served for visitors.

All the rooms of the building are located in a row and form an enfilade. The exposition is located on the ground floor and describes the history of the development of our country from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century.

All the rooms of the building are located in a row and form an enfilade. The exposition is located on the ground floor and describes the history of the development of our country from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century.

Also, the new routes include Museums of History of Uzbekistan, Afrosiyob, Local History Museums, Dobusiya city in Pakhtachi district, Chelak-Koktepa historical monument in Payarik district, Makhdumi Azam shrine and other shrines. A number of activities are being carried out to further expand the activities of museums in the Samarkand region, to strengthen their cooperation with museums of foreign countries, including in the field of scientific research. In this regard, relations have been established with experts from archaeological institutes and museums of Japan, France and South Korea.

In particular, while the mural paintings in the "Ambassadors' Room" of the Afrosiyob Museum are being gradually restored to their original state, a 3D track showing the old view of the city of Sogdiyona (ancient Marokand or Afrosiyob) located on the ancient Afrosiyob hill is being shown to tourists. Brochures and booklets with historical sources and information about cultural and historical monuments in Samarkand are being prepared by the Samarkand State United Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve and the Institute of Archeology of the UzAS.

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In addition, more than 120 cultural workers are working in 37 places of interest and 18 monumental places in the region, and they provide detailed information about historical objects to guests.

During the season, native and foreign tourists are served daily in more than 100 hotels, and more than 30 restaurants in the city center and neighboring areas prepare national, Korean, Russian and European dishes and organize entertainment events. The presence of guests in these places is protected by the commission responsible for further improvement of the procedure for organizing and conducting public events under the regional authority, and strengthening measures to maintain public order and safety of citizens during their conduct.

Taking into account the large flow of pilgrims and tourists in the city of Samarkand during the tourist season, the joint-stock company "Uzbekistan Railways" and the national airline "Uzbekistan Airways" have made proposals for the organization of additional flights. In addition, information centers serving tourists have been established at the international airport of the city based on the project of a lightweight construction center. Anyone who wants can get acquainted with maps with touristic objects and various handouts reflecting the tourist potential of our country.

According to the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers, adopted in order to further expand the potential of tourism and increase the number of additional infrastructure facilities for foreign tourists and residents of the region to relax, 14 new hotels worth 26 billion 150 million soums were built in 2017-2018. Of these, 6 new hotels were built in Samarkand city, 2 each in Samarkand and Urgut districts, and one in Jomboy, Nurabad, Bulung'ur, Koshrabot districts. In general, by 2021, 40 new hotels were built in the region.

"Samarkand" state museum-reserve is an organization that manages the central management of museums in the city of Samarkand and Samarkand region, controls the preservation and registration of historical, cultural and art monuments, repairs and conservation of monuments.

In 1982, the Museum of the History of Culture and Art was established under the departments of architectural monuments of Samarkand city and Samarkand region.

The museum-reserve includes 11 museums - State Museum of the History of Culture of Uzbekistan (main museum), Provincial Museum of Local History, Samarkand City History - Afrosiyob Museum, Mirzo Ulugbek Observatory Museum - Complex, Sadriddin Ainy Memorial House-Museum, Kattakorgan history museum of local history, Ishtikhan district history museum, Pakhtachi district history museum, Ergash Jumanbulbul memorial museum, Haji Abdulaziz Abdurasulov house museum, Mahmudhoja Behbudi house museum and 3 architectural monuments - Amir Temur mausoleum, Bibikhanim mosque, Nadir Devonbegi madrasa . The museum-reserve carefully preserves, scientifically studies, enriches them with new findings, and organizes new expositions and exhibitions based on them. Books, catalogs, booklets, road signs about them are also published, conducts museological works in historical monuments, supervises construction and repair works carried out in the territory of the museum-reserve. Thematic (including the art of Uzbekistan and others) film lecture hall and the people's university will hold trainings on preservation of historical, cultural and art monuments.

More than 235,000 exhibits are stored in the treasury of the museum-reserve, which reflect the development of the culture and art of the Uzbek people in all eras. The administration of the museum-reserve is located in the building of the State Museum of the History of Culture of Uzbekistan (148, Mirzo Ulugbek St., Samarkand).

Samarkand Museum is one of the first museums established in Central Asia. The museum was established primarily for the administrators of the colonial Russian Empire at that time to study the country in depth and to master its natural resources, but for the local intellectuals and part of the European population of Turkestan, it was a place to explore ancient artifacts, it was considered a means of gathering them together.

In a picturesque corner of Samarkand, in the ancient yard belonging to the rich merchant Abram Kalantarov, built according to the eclectic method of the beginning of the 20th century, according to the project of the architect Ye. O. Nelle, the regional museum of local history was opened in 1981. The museum building is considered an architectural monument and is protected by the state.

All the rooms of the building are located in a row and form enfilade. The exposition is located on the first floor and describes the history of the development of our country from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century.

The Mesolithic-Neolithic-Eneolithic is the final stage of the primitive community system, and the exposition contains the remains of stone tools and the first clay vessels designed for various tasks. The Bronze and Stone Ages are illustrated by photographing wall inscriptions. From the 8th century BC. The period up to the 4th century is represented by clay objects - cups and coins with elegant shapes. The exposition is brightly filled with the work of the artist V. Kaidalov "Spitamen's Revolt".

The Kushanid period (IV-I centuries AD) is characterized by the rise of livelihood, development of irrigation, various crafts, flourishing of city life, coins depicting Kushanid kings are also shown.

Exposition of the early Middle Ages - various household and ceremonial clay objects, Sugdian coins and beautiful women's jewelry, as well as burial goods from the mounds of Ak Jartepa, Sozagon, Ogaliksoy found weapons (swords).

In the exposition of the period dedicated to the conquest of Sogd by the Arabs, copies of beautiful palace patterns belonging to the town of Afrosiyab, a restored picture of "Sogd soldiers", scabbards of Sogd swords and spears are displayed.

In the exposition of the period of Islamic revival, you can see the remains of vessels made of red Greek glass, clay chandeliers from the city of Raya, Iran, and coins. The exhibition also includes scabbards of Mongolian spears and a photo of the Samarkand fortress, which was turned into ruins by Genghis Khan.

Amir Temur and the period of Timurid rule are shown by fossil materials, that is, a collection of metal units, bones, bottles and coins belonging to the 8th-16th centuries. Here, you can also see unique exhibits - a battle and display drum belonging to the high foundation of the XV-XVI centuries, as well as a unique book by De Sanktien entitled "History of Timur", published in Amsterdam in 1678.

At the exposition, You can see pictures of the architect V.A. Nielsen's restored observatory and the remains of a huge astronomical instrument, the quadrant (sextant).

In a picturesque corner of Samarkand, in the ancient yard belonging to the rich merchant Abram Kalantarov, built according to the eclectic method of the beginning of the 20th century, according to the project of the architect Ye. O. Nelle, the regional museum of local history was opened in 1981. The museum building is considered an architectural monument and is protected by the state.

All the rooms of the building are located in a row and form an enfilade. The exposition is located on the ground floor and describes the history of the development of our country from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century.

Arts and heritage contribution. Contribute to local arts, in terms of number of annual public performances of university choirs, theatre groups, and orchestras etc… either ad-hoc or as part of an ongoing programme..

The "Ulugbek Successors" theater group of the Samarkand State Institute of Architecture and Construction named after Mirzo Ulugbek participated in the regional stage of the Student Theater Studio Festival of higher educational institutions and was declared the winner.

On June 7 of this year, the regional (second) stage of the festival of student theater studios of higher educational institutions was held in the building of the "Chekhov" drama theater in Samarkand.

At the regional stage, the theater studios "Ulugbek Vorislari" (SamSUAC), "Ilhom" (SamSU) and "Humo" (SamVMU) participated in the regional stage.

Navroz Toshev, actor of the Samarkand Drama Theater, Nigina Murodova, chief specialist of the Samarkand Regional Department of the Youth Union, and Otabek Mirzaev, actor of the Samarkand Puppet Drama Theater, were judges at the festival.

At the regional stage, the theater studios "Ulugbek Vorislari" (SamSUAC), "Ilhom" (SamSU) and "Humo" (SamVMU) participated in the regional stage.

Navroz Toshev, actor of the Samarkand Drama Theater, Nigina Murodova, chief specialist of the Samarkand Regional Department of the Youth Union, and Otabek Mirzaev, actor of the Samarkand Puppet Drama Theater, were judges at the festival.

Record and preserve cultural heritage. Deliver projects to record and preserve intangible cultural heritage such as local folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge. This can include the heritage of displaced communities.

RecorRecord and preserve cultural heritage. Deliver projects to record and preserve intangible cultural heritage such as local folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge. This can include the heritage of displaced communities.

The ancient sources that have reached us about the origin of Navruz show that it was widespread in Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan during the Achaemenid period (6th century BC). In this sense, it can be assumed that the history of Navruz has 25-30 centuries.

Regardless of when and how Navruz was created, it was introduced on a comprehensive scientific basis, taking into account the laws of the universe and nature. For example, the entry of the sun into the Hamal sign, the lengthening of the day, the increase of light, the revitalization of nature are accepted as Navruz (Navruz means "new day. 

Navruz includes various features of intangible cultural heritage due to its antiquity, wide geographical scope and different periods of its celebration. It is composed of many cultural forms and images based on the legendary Iranian king Jamshid, which means "Navruzi Jamshid", and similar legends.

Beruni gave valuable information in his book "Memorials from Ancient Peoples", in which he noted that the small holiday lasted until the sixth day of the month of Farvordin. So, on the sixth day of the month of Farvordin, he directly connects the essence of the "Great Navruz" with nature and writes about it: "... flowers from the first drop of spring rain at a time that serves him all year round. it comes at a time that lasts until it opens, from the flowering of trees to the ripening of fruits, until the generation of animals. Therefore, Navruz is a proof of the beginning and creation of the world. These thoughts once again prove that Navruz has been a holiday of nature and spring since ancient times. However, in history, interpreting the meaning of Navruz in different ways, some tried to promote it, while others tried to ban it. For example, during the Greek-Macedonian and Arab occupation, Navruz was banned, and it was not considered an official holiday in royal palaces, officials and religious circles. It should be emphasized that Navruz has changed its form in every class society in the past under the influence of the rule of tsars and religious ideology, but it has preserved its basic essence. It is a real national holiday, celebrated with great festivities among working people.

Therefore, since ancient times, the people have had their own procedures for celebrating the holiday.

Pre-Islamic Navruz customs belonging to ordinary people are also noteworthy. On the day of the holiday, people give each other sugar and sweets (in the sense that your life will be sweet), sprinkle each other with water (in the sense that there will be plenty of water and a good harvest this year), and other customs are common. In the following centuries, customs such as cleaning yards, planting greenery and flowers, visiting parents and friends, and visiting the graves of the deceased became a part of Navruz holiday.

Navruz (Persian - "new day") is a spring holiday and the first day of the new year in Persian and Turkic peoples. The word "Navruz" means "new day" when translated from Persian. Navruz is celebrated in Iran, Central Asia and the Caucasus on March 21, and in Kazakhstan on March 22.

Navruz begins on the equinox (March 20, 21, or 22) as the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. Some nations associate the arrival of spring with the awakening of nature, and celebrate it as the beginning of a new year. Since ancient times, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and many other eastern countries welcome the arrival of spring and new year with holidays. March 21 is the first day of the official calendar in Iran and Afghanistan.

On September 30, 2009, Navruz was included in the list of intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, and on February 23, 2010, at the 64th session of the UN General Assembly, March 21 was announced as "International Navroz Day". This holiday is still widely celebrated among peoples.

Navruz includes various features of intangible cultural heritage due to its antiquity, wide geographical scope and different periods of its celebration. It is composed of many cultural forms and images based on the legendary Iranian king Jamshid, which means "Navruzi Jamshid", and similar legends.

All Navruz have local and traditional dances, performed by ethnic groups, Azerbaijani and Uzbek dances are performed in a proper manner, and cultural and linguistic features are combined in special folklore performances. Among them are "Khan Bazi" and "Kusekh Galin" in Iran, "Kusa Kusa Khan" in Azerbaijan and Turkey, and "Bahor Khanim", "Navroz Baba", "Dehkan Baba", "Nasriddin" in Uzbekistan, "Aspak Bazi" (clown), "Laklak Bozi" in Kyrgyzstan, goats, horses, goats, wrestling, rams, cockfights, etc. Experience, knowledge and craft, as well as renovation of home furnishings, making toys for children, jewelry made of precious stones and metals, especially for young brides, ornaments, ornaments are used at various stages of celebration. In general, these customs have a common value and uniqueness in the form of rich cultural diversity.

Determining dates is mainly based on ancient astronomical teachings. In the Middle Ages, the chronicle was mainly confirmed and corrected by famous scholars such as Abu Rayhan Beruni, Mahmud Koshgari and Omar Khayyam.

Every family and community has many rituals, traditions and cultural events to celebrate. One of the most important functions of the holiday is public gatherings, where cultural exchange and activities are combined with rituals. An example of this is special mass rituals involving water and fire.